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genetics

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1. the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms (noun.cognition)
:biological science, biology,
definition:the science that studies living organisms (noun.cognition)
:cytogenetics,
definition:the branch of biology that studies the cellular aspects of heredity (especially the chromosomes) (noun.cognition)
:genomics,
definition:the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences) (noun.cognition)
:proteomics,
definition:the branch of genetics that studies the full set of proteins encoded by a genome (noun.cognition)
:molecular genetics,
definition:the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level (noun.cognition)
:pharmacogenetics,
definition:the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs in humans or laboratory organisms (noun.cognition)
:transformation,
definition:(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA (noun.act)
:cross, crossbreeding, crossing, hybridisation, hybridization, hybridizing, interbreeding,
definition:(genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids (noun.act)
:chromosome mapping, mapping,
definition:(genetics) the process of locating genes on a chromosome (noun.act)
:carrier,
definition:(genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring (noun.animal)
:amphidiploid,
definition:(genetics) an organism or cell having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent (noun.animal)
:diploid,
definition:(genetics) an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell; i.e., two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number (noun.animal)
:haploid,
definition:(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (noun.animal)
:heteroploid,
definition:(genetics) an organism or cell having a chromosome number that is not an even multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species (noun.animal)
:polyploid,
definition:(genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes (noun.animal)
:cross, crossbreed, hybrid,
definition:(genetics) an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species (noun.animal)
:vector,
definition:(genetics) a virus or other agent that is used to deliver DNA to a cell (noun.animal)
:cosmid,
definition:(genetics) a large vector that is made from a bacteriophage and used to clone genes or gene fragments (noun.animal)
:character,
definition:(genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes (noun.attribute)
:unit character,
definition:(genetics) a character inherited on an all-or-none basis and dependent on the presence of a single gene (noun.attribute)
:hereditary pattern, inheritance,
definition:(genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents (noun.attribute)
:heterosis, hybrid vigor,
definition:(genetics) the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent (noun.attribute)
:gene linkage, linkage,
definition:(genetics) traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes; all of the genes of a given chromosome are linked (where one goes they all go) (noun.attribute)
:fertilized ovum, zygote,
definition:(genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell) (noun.body)
:heterozygote,
definition:(genetics) an organism having two different alleles of a particular gene and so giving rise to varying offspring (noun.body)
:homozygote,
definition:(genetics) an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene and so breeding true for the particular characteristic (noun.body)
:cistron, factor, gene,
definition:(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity (noun.body)
:allele, allelomorph,
definition:(genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character (noun.body)
:haplotype,
definition:(genetics) a combination of alleles (for different genes) that are located closely together on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together (noun.body)
:xx,
definition:(genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female (noun.body)
:xxx,
definition:(genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female (noun.body)
:xxy,
definition:(genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome (noun.body)
:xy,
definition:(genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male (noun.body)
:xyy,
definition:(genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes (noun.body)
:sex chromosome,
definition:(genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual (noun.body)
:mendel's law,
definition:(genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research (noun.cognition)
:recombination,
definition:(genetics) a combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents (noun.event)
:chromosomal mutation, genetic mutation, mutation,
definition:(genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism (noun.event)
:deletion,
definition:(genetics) the loss or absence of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome (noun.event)
:inversion,
definition:(genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed (noun.event)
:transposition,
definition:(genetics) a kind of mutation in which a chromosomal segment is transfered to a new position on the same or another chromosome (noun.event)
:insertional mutagenesis,
definition:(genetics) a mutation caused by the insertion of exogenous DNA into a genome (noun.event)
:gene mutation, point mutation,
definition:(genetics) a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene (noun.event)
:reversion,
definition:(genetics) a return to a normal phenotype (usually resulting from a second mutation) (noun.event)
:saltation,
definition:(genetics) a mutation that drastically changes the phenotype of an organism or species (noun.event)
:dominance,
definition:the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not (noun.phenomenon)
:position effect,
definition:(genetics) the effect on the expression of a gene that is produced by changing its location in a chromosome (noun.phenomenon)
:polymorphism,
definition:(genetics) the genetic variation within a population that natural selection can operate on (noun.phenomenon)
:single nucleotide polymorphism, snp,
definition:(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species (noun.phenomenon)
:expression,
definition:(genetics) the process of expressing a gene (noun.process)
:meiosis, miosis, reduction division,
definition:(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants) (noun.process)
:replication,
definition:(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division (noun.process)
:segregation,
definition:(genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes (noun.process)
:transcription,
definition:(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA (noun.process)
:transduction,
definition:(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage (noun.process)
:translation,
definition:(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm (noun.process)
:translocation,
definition:(genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts (noun.process)
:translate,
definition:determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA (verb.communication)
:dominant,
definition:(of genes) producing the same phenotype whether its allele is identical or dissimilar (adj.all)
:recessive,
definition:(of genes) producing its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical (adj.all)
:haploid, haploidic, monoploid,
definition:of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes (adj.all)
:diploid,
definition:of a cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number (adj.all)
:polyploid,
definition:of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes (adj.all)
:triploid,
definition:of a cell or organism having three complete sets of chromosomes (adj.all)
:homozygous,
definition:having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci (adj.all)
:heterozygous,
definition:having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci (adj.all)
:monogenic,
definition:of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by a single pair of genes (adj.all)
:polygenic,
definition:of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once; of or related to or determined by polygenes (adj.all)
:univalent,
definition:used of a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis (adj.all)
:bivalent, double,
definition:used of homologous chromosomes associated in pairs in synapsis (adj.all)
:multivalent,
definition:used of the association of three or more homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis (adj.all)
:parental,
definition:designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced (adj.pert)
:filial,
definition:designating the generation or the sequence of generations following the parental generation (adj.pert)
:geneticist,
definition:a biologist who specializes in genetics (noun.person)
:genetic, genetical,
definition:of or relating to the science of genetics (adj.pert)
:geneticist,
definition:a biologist who specializes in genetics (noun.person)
:genetic, genetical,
definition:of or relating to the science of genetics (adj.pert)

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