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chemical science

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1. the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions (noun.cognition)
:natural science,
definition:the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena (noun.cognition)
:chemoimmunology, immunochemistry,
definition:the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies) (noun.cognition)
:organic chemistry,
definition:the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially) (noun.cognition)
:inorganic chemistry,
definition:the chemistry of compounds that do not contain hydrocarbon radicals (noun.cognition)
:physical chemistry,
definition:the branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances (noun.cognition)
:electrochemistry,
definition:branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions (noun.cognition)
:femtochemistry,
definition:the branch of chemistry that studies elementary (often very fast) chemical reactions as they occur; the experimental methods are often based on the use of femtosecond laser pulses (noun.cognition)
:geochemistry,
definition:the chemistry of the earth's crust (noun.cognition)
:photochemistry,
definition:branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of light (noun.cognition)
:nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry,
definition:the chemistry of radioactive substances (noun.cognition)
:surface chemistry,
definition:the branch of chemistry that studies processes occurring at interfaces between phases (especially those between liquid and gas) (noun.cognition)
:thermochemistry,
definition:the branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated (noun.cognition)
:electronegativity, negativity,
definition:(chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond (noun.attribute)
:atomic mass, atomic weight, relative atomic mass,
definition:(chemistry) the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units (noun.attribute)
:molecular weight, relative molecular mass,
definition:(chemistry) the sum of the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms of a molecule (noun.attribute)
:valence, valency,
definition:(chemistry) a property of atoms or radicals; their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen atoms (or the equivalent) (noun.attribute)
:ph, ph scale,
definition:(from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter; provides a measure on a scale from 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution (where 7 is neutral and greater than 7 is more basic and less than 7 is more acidic) (noun.attribute)
:dalton's law, dalton's law of partial pressures, law of partial pressures,
definition:(chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature (noun.cognition)
:distribution law,
definition:(chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution (noun.cognition)
:equilibrium law, law of chemical equilibrium,
definition:(chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction (noun.cognition)
:henry's law,
definition:(chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases (noun.cognition)
:law of constant proportion, law of definite proportions,
definition:(chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight (noun.cognition)
:law of equivalent proportions, law of reciprocal proportions,
definition:(chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together (noun.cognition)
:dalton's law, law of multiple proportions,
definition:(chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation (noun.cognition)
:law of mass action,
definition:(chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances (noun.cognition)
:mendeleev's law, periodic law,
definition:(chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers (noun.cognition)
:organic chemistry,
definition:the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially) (noun.cognition)
:atomic theory, atomism, atomist theory, atomistic theory,
definition:(chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles (noun.cognition)
:arrhenius theory of dissociation, theory of dissociation, theory of electrolytic dissociation,
definition:(chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water (noun.cognition)
:ostwald's theory of indicators, theory of indicators,
definition:(chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation (noun.cognition)
:migration,
definition:(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule (noun.event)
:allomerism,
definition:(chemistry) variability in chemical composition without variation in crystalline form (noun.event)
:sublimation,
definition:(chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid (noun.event)
:periodic table,
definition:(chemistry) a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law (noun.group)
:chain, chemical chain,
definition:(chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (noun.object)
:closed chain, ring,
definition:(chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop (noun.object)
:long chain, long-chain molecule,
definition:(chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule (noun.object)
:chemist,
definition:a scientist who specializes in chemistry (noun.person)
:chemical phenomenon,
definition:any natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules) (noun.phenomenon)
:pleomorphism, polymorphism,
definition:(chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound (noun.phenomenon)
:dimorphism,
definition:(chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms (noun.phenomenon)
:absorption, soaking up,
definition:(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid (noun.process)
:association,
definition:(chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding (noun.process)
:chemical action, chemical change, chemical process,
definition:(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved (noun.process)
:chemical reaction, reaction,
definition:(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others (noun.process)
:chemical decomposition reaction, decomposition, decomposition reaction,
definition:(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance (noun.process)
:displacement, displacement reaction,
definition:(chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound (noun.process)
:dissociation,
definition:(chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions (noun.process)
:electrolysis,
definition:(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions (noun.process)
:imbibition,
definition:(chemistry) the absorption of a liquid by a solid or gel (noun.process)
:osmosis,
definition:(biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal (noun.process)
:reverse osmosis,
definition:(chemistry) a method of producing pure water; a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane in a direction opposite to that for natural osmosis when it is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure greater than the osmotic pressure (noun.process)
:rectification,
definition:(chemistry) the process of refinement or purification of a substance by distillation (noun.process)
:acid value,
definition:(chemistry) the amount of free acid present in fat as measured by the milligrams of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize it (noun.quantity)
:equilibrium constant,
definition:(chemistry) the ratio of concentrations when equilibrium is reached in a reversible reaction (when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction) (noun.quantity)
:abundance,
definition:(chemistry) the ratio of the total mass of an element in the earth's crust to the total mass of the earth's crust; expressed as a percentage or in parts per million (noun.linkdef)
:stoichiometry,
definition:(chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers) (noun.linkdef)
:saturation point,
definition:(chemistry) the stage at which a substance will receive no more of another substance in solution or in a vapor (noun.state)
:state, state of matter,
definition:(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) (noun.state)
:activity,
definition:(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction (noun.state)
:multivalence, multivalency, polyvalence, polyvalency,
definition:(chemistry) the state of having a valence greater than two (noun.state)
:acceptor,
definition:(chemistry) in the formation of a coordinate bond it is the compound to which electrons are donated (noun.substance)
:mixture,
definition:(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) (noun.substance)
:atom,
definition:(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element (noun.substance)
:monad,
definition:(chemistry) an atom having a valence of one (noun.substance)
:chemical group, group, radical,
definition:(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule (noun.substance)
:fullerene,
definition:a form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms (noun.substance)
:actinide series,
definition:(chemistry) a series of 15 radioactive elements with increasing atomic numbers from actinium to lawrencium (noun.substance)
:emulsion,
definition:(chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids (noun.substance)
:molecule,
definition:(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound (noun.substance)
:accelerator, catalyst,
definition:(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected (noun.substance)
:sensitiser, sensitizer,
definition:(chemistry) a substance other than a catalyst that facilitates the start of a catalytic reaction (noun.substance)
:anticatalyst,
definition:(chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst (noun.substance)
:buffer,
definition:(chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH (noun.substance)
:chemical compound, compound,
definition:(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight (noun.substance)
:foryml,
definition:(chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes (noun.substance)
:fluorocarbon,
definition:a halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine; used in refrigerators and aerosols (noun.substance)
:indicator,
definition:(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction (noun.substance)
:convert,
definition:change in nature, purpose, or function; undergo a chemical change (verb.change)
:deaden,
definition:convert (metallic mercury) into a grey powder consisting of minute globules, as by shaking with chalk or fatty oil (verb.change)
:alkalinise, alkalinize,
definition:make (a substance) alkaline (verb.change)
:alkalinise, alkalinize,
definition:become alkaline (verb.change)
:equilibrate,
definition:bring to a chemical stasis or equilibrium (verb.change)
:alchemise, alchemize,
definition:alter (elements) by alchemy (verb.change)
:suspend,
definition:cause to be held in suspension in a fluid (verb.change)
:resuspend,
definition:put back into suspension (verb.change)
:clean, scavenge,
definition:remove unwanted substances from (verb.change)
:include,
definition:add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category (verb.change)
:butylate,
definition:introduce the butyl group into a chemical compound (verb.change)
:iodise, iodize,
definition:treat with iodine (verb.change)
:nitrate,
definition:treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate (verb.change)
:strip,
definition:remove a constituent from a liquid (verb.change)
:break down, break up, decompose,
definition:separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts (verb.change)
:dissociate,
definition:to undergo a reversible or temporary breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms (verb.change)
:bate,
definition:soak in a special solution to soften and remove chemicals used in previous treatments (verb.change)
:attenuate, rarefy,
definition:weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance) (verb.change)
:moonshine,
definition:distill (alcohol) illegally; produce moonshine (verb.change)
:distil, distill,
definition:undergo the process of distillation (verb.change)
:distil, distill, extract,
definition:extract by the process of distillation (verb.change)
:deoxidise, deoxidize, reduce,
definition:to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons (verb.change)
:crack,
definition:break into simpler molecules by means of heat (verb.change)
:crack,
definition:reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking (verb.change)
:catabolise, catabolize,
definition:subject to catabolism (verb.change)
:oxidate, oxidise, oxidize,
definition:add oxygen to or combine with oxygen (verb.change)
:acetify, acidify,
definition:turn acidic (verb.change)
:alkalify, alkalise, alkalize, basify,
definition:turn basic and less acidic (verb.change)
:reform,
definition:break up the molecules of (verb.change)
:reform,
definition:produce by cracking (verb.change)
:polymerise, polymerize,
definition:undergo polymerization (verb.change)
:copolymerise, copolymerize,
definition:polymerize together (verb.change)
:polymerise, polymerize,
definition:cause (a compound) to polymerize (verb.change)
:catalyse, catalyze,
definition:change by catalysis or cause to catalyze (verb.change)
:peptise, peptize,
definition:disperse in a medium into a colloidal state (verb.change)
:resublime,
definition:sublime (a compound) once again (verb.change)
:calcine,
definition:heat a substance so that it oxidizes or reduces (verb.change)
:carbonise, carbonize, carburise, carburize,
definition:unite with carbon (verb.change)
:transmute,
definition:alter the nature of (elements) (verb.change)
:conjugate,
definition:unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds (verb.change)
:admix,
definition:mix or blend (verb.change)
:alloy,
definition:make an alloy of (verb.change)
:solvate,
definition:undergo solvation or convert into a solvate (verb.change)
:solvate,
definition:cause a solvation in (a substance) (verb.change)
:react,
definition:undergo a chemical reaction; react with another substance under certain conditions (verb.change)
:build,
definition:improve the cleansing action of (verb.change)
:saturate,
definition:cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance (verb.change)
:distill, make pure, purify, sublimate,
definition:remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation (verb.change)
:isolate,
definition:obtain in pure form (verb.change)
:preisolate,
definition:isolate beforehand (verb.change)
:ammonify,
definition:treat with ammonia; cause to undergo ammonification (verb.change)
:thoriate,
definition:impregnate with thorium oxide to increase thermionic emission (verb.change)
:coke,
definition:become coke (verb.change)
:decarboxylate,
definition:remove a carboxyl group from (a chemical compound) (verb.change)
:decarboxylate,
definition:lose a carboxyl group (verb.change)
:denitrify,
definition:remove nitrogen from (verb.change)
:detoxicate, detoxify,
definition:remove poison from (verb.change)
:esterify,
definition:change (a compound) into an ester (verb.change)
:etherify,
definition:change into an ether (verb.change)
:acetylate, acetylise, acetylize,
definition:introduce an acetyl group into (a chemical compound) (verb.change)
:acetylate, acetylise, acetylize,
definition:receive substitution of an acetyl group (verb.change)
:carboxylate,
definition:treat (a chemical compound) with carboxyl or carboxylic acid (verb.change)
:saponify,
definition:convert into soap by hydrolizing an ester into an acid and alcohol as a result of treating it with an alkali (verb.change)
:saponify,
definition:become converted into soap by being hydrolized into an acid and alcohol as a result of being treated with an alkali (verb.change)
:volatilise, volatilize,
definition:make volatile; cause to pass off in a vapor (verb.change)
:bind,
definition:form a chemical bond with (verb.change)
:ligate,
definition:bind chemically (verb.change)
:desorb,
definition:remove from a surface on which it is adsorbed (verb.change)
:desorb,
definition:go away from the surface to which (a substance) is adsorbed (verb.change)
:demineralise, demineralize,
definition:remove the minerals or salts from (verb.change)
:isomerise, isomerize,
definition:change into an isomer (verb.change)
:isomerise, isomerize,
definition:cause to change into an isomer (verb.change)
:sequester,
definition:undergo sequestration by forming a stable compound with an ion (verb.change)
:transaminate,
definition:undergo transfer from one compound to another (verb.change)
:fractionate,
definition:obtain by a fractional process (verb.contact)
:fractionate,
definition:separate into constituents or fractions containing concentrated constituents (verb.contact)
:sulfurette, sulphurette,
definition:combine with sulfur (verb.contact)
:absorb,
definition:become imbued (verb.contact)
:adsorb,
definition:accumulate (liquids or gases) on the surface (verb.contact)
:sorb, take up,
definition:take up a liquid or a gas either by adsorption or by absorption (verb.contact)
:carburet,
definition:combine with carbon (verb.contact)
:formulate,
definition:prepare according to a formula (verb.creation)
:free, liberate, release,
definition:release (gas or energy) as a result of a chemical reaction or physical decomposition (verb.creation)
:glycerolise, glycerolize,
definition:place in glycerol (verb.motion)
:deglycerolise, deglycerolize,
definition:remove from glycerol (verb.motion)
:inhibit,
definition:limit, block, or decrease the action or function of (verb.social)
:acidic,
definition:being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7) (adj.all)
:acid,
definition:having the characteristics of an acid (adj.all)
:alkalic, alkaline,
definition:relating to or containing an alkali; having a pH greater than 7 (adj.all)
:basic,
definition:of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base (adj.all)
:amphiprotic, amphoteric,
definition:having characteristics of both an acid and a base and capable of reacting as either (adj.all)
:reversible,
definition:capable of assuming or producing either of two states (adj.all)
:hydrophobic,
definition:lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water (adj.all)
:hydrophilic,
definition:having a strong affinity for water; tending to dissolve in, mix with, or be wetted by water (adj.all)
:oleophilic,
definition:having a strong affinity for oils rather than water (adj.all)
:lipophilic, lipotropic,
definition:having an affinity for lipids (adj.all)
:critical,
definition:at or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain a chain reaction (adj.all)
:noncritical,
definition:not critical; not at a point of abrupt change (adj.all)
:cyclic,
definition:of a compound having atoms arranged in a ring structure (adj.all)
:acyclic, open-chain,
definition:having an open chain structure (adj.all)
:saturated,
definition:used especially of organic compounds; having all available valence bonds filled (adj.all)
:unsaturated,
definition:used of a compound (especially of carbon) containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond (adj.all)
:free,
definition:unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion (adj.all)
:bound,
definition:held with another element, substance or material in chemical or physical union (adj.all)
:conjugate, conjugated,
definition:of an organic compound; containing two or more double bonds each separated from the other by a single bond (adj.all)
:conjugate, conjugated,
definition:formed by the union of two compounds (adj.all)
:heavy,
definition:(physics, chemistry) being or containing an isotope with greater than average atomic mass or weight (adj.all)
:light,
definition:(physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average (adj.all)
:iodinating,
definition:combining or causing to combine with iodine (adj.all)
:de-iodinating,
definition:removing iodine from (adj.all)
:membered,
definition:having members; normally used in chemistry in combination with a number (adj.all)
:monovalent, univalent,
definition:having a valence of 1 (adj.all)
:multivalent, polyvalent,
definition:having more than one valence, or having a valence of 3 or higher (adj.all)
:man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic,
definition:not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially (adj.all)
:clathrate,
definition:designating or relating to a compound in which one component is physically enclosed within the crystal structure of another (adj.all)
:organic,
definition:relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis (adj.all)
:inorganic,
definition:relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis (adj.all)
:technical grade, technical-grade,
definition:containing small amounts of other chemicals, hence slightly impure (adj.all)
:reactive,
definition:participating readily in reactions (adj.all)
:unreactive,
definition:(chemistry) not reacting chemically (adj.all)
:inactive,
definition:(chemistry) not participating in a chemical reaction; chemically inert (adj.all)
:indifferent, inert, neutral,
definition:having only a limited ability to react chemically; chemically inactive (adj.all)
:rich,
definition:high in mineral content; having a high proportion of fuel to air (adj.all)
:supernatant,
definition:of a liquid; floating on the surface above a sediment or precipitate (adj.all)
:volatile,
definition:evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures (adj.all)
:hydrated, hydrous,
definition:containing combined water (especially water of crystallization as in a hydrate) (adj.all)
:anhydrous,
definition:without water; especially without water of crystallization (adj.all)
:alkylic,
definition:of or related to an alkyl (adj.pert)
:allylic,
definition:of or pertaining to the allyl radical (adj.pert)
:aromatic,
definition:(chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings (adj.pert)
:azido,
definition:relating to or containing the azido group N3 (adj.pert)
:benzylic,
definition:relating to benzyl (adj.pert)
:cacodylic,
definition:of or relating to cacodyl (adj.pert)
:carbocyclic,
definition:having or relating to or characterized by a ring composed of carbon atoms (adj.pert)
:carbolated,
definition:containing or treated with carbolic acid (adj.pert)
:carbonyl, carbonylic,
definition:relating to or containing the carbonyl group (adj.pert)
:carboxyl, carboxylic,
definition:relating to or containing the carboxyl group or carboxyl radical (adj.pert)
:mercuric, mercurous,
definition:of or containing mercury (adj.pert)
:valent,
definition:(chemistry) having valence; usually used in combination (adj.pert)
:polymorphic, polymorphous,
definition:relating to the crystallization of a compound in two or more different forms (adj.pert)
:ethereal,
definition:of or containing or dissolved in ether (adj.pert)
:bivalent, divalent,
definition:having a valence of two or having two valences (adj.pert)
:pentavalent,
definition:having a valence of five (adj.pert)
:tetravalent,
definition:haveing a valence of four (adj.pert)
:trivalent,
definition:having a valence of three (adj.pert)
:reversibly,
definition:in a reversible manner (adv.all)
:chemist,
definition:a scientist who specializes in chemistry (noun.person)
:apothecary, chemist, druggist, pharmacist, pill pusher, pill roller,
definition:a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs (noun.person)
:chemic, chemical,
definition:relating to or used in chemistry (adj.pert)
:chemical,
definition:of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes (adj.pert)
:chemist,
definition:a scientist who specializes in chemistry (noun.person)
:apothecary, chemist, druggist, pharmacist, pill pusher, pill roller,
definition:a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs (noun.person)
:chemic, chemical,
definition:relating to or used in chemistry (adj.pert)
:chemical,
definition:of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes (adj.pert)

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